Introduction to Legal and Social Reforms
The Quran introduced a series of progressive legal and social reforms that transformed Arabian society and influenced global laws and norms. These reforms addressed issues of justice, equality, and welfare, setting new standards that were far ahead of their time.
Reforms in Women's Rights
At a time when women in many societies were treated as property, the Quran granted them legal rights of inheritance and divorce. Verses such as Surah An-Nisa (Chapter 4) outline specific shares of inheritance for women, ensuring their economic security and autonomy, a revolutionary concept in 7th-century Arabia.
Establishment of Justice
The Quran places a strong emphasis on justice, advocating for fairness in all aspects of society. It introduced the concept of legal retribution and compensation, while also encouraging forgiveness and reconciliation. Surah Al-Ma'idah (Chapter 5, Verse 8) urges believers to "be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives."
Protection of the Needy
Social welfare reforms are prominent in the Quran, which mandates regular charity (Zakat) as one of the five pillars of Islam. This practice not only benefits the needy but also acts as a means to redistribute wealth and reduce economic disparities within the community.
Abolition of Harmful Practices
The Quran abolished many pre-Islamic customs that were harmful and unjust, such as the practice of infanticide, which was commonly directed against female infants. Surah Al-Takwir (Chapter 81, Verse 8-9) condemns this act, highlighting the sanctity of all human life regardless of gender.
Animal Welfare
Islamic teachings from the Quran also brought forward reforms in how animals were treated, emphasizing kindness and proper care. These reforms were among the first to establish welfare standards for animals, including the prohibition of cruelty and the stipulation that animals must be treated with respect and compassion when raising and slaughtering.